In general, sexual body image has been shown to be associated with a variety of sexual outcomes. Some people who have concerns about the size of their sex-related body part(s) may qualify for body dysmorphic disorder (for a discussion of penis-related dysmorphia, see Veale et al., 2013). However, as will be discussed more later, the fact that the lag used was only six months limits this study's ability to argue for a null relationship. While they find relationships between other forms of body dissatisfaction, their results for breast and penis size were null. Specifically, Peter & Valkenburg (2014) use a single lag autoregression to test the relationship between pornography use and various forms of body dissatisfaction within individuals in the Netherlands. However, research specifically considering penis and breast size dissatisfaction is still in its early stages ( Widerman, 2011), and only one study has directly tested the relationship between an individual's own sexual body image and pornography use, despite the plausibility that exposure to pornographic material may particularly affect perceptions of sex-related body parts. This theoretical reasoning is especially relevant to the influence of pornography on “sexual body image,” or perceptions of sex-related body parts such as penises, breasts, and vulvae, body parts often emphasized in pornographic depictions. Sociocultural theories posit that dissatisfaction with one's body can be caused by ideals constructed by society and disseminated via various media ( Levine & Chapman, 2011).
While the media/body image literature has been approached through various theoretical frameworks (for a review, see Levine & Harrison ), sociocultural comparison theory is the perspective most often used, as it operates on the key mechanisms involved in the relationship between body image and media exposure ( Myers & Crowther, 2009). While much of the research on this subject has focused on conventional media, there has been some limited research on the specific effects of erotic media on perceptions of intimate partners or pictures of normal-looking nude women ( Kenrick, Gutierres, & Goldberg 1989 Weaver, Masland, & Zillman 1984 Zillmann & Bryant 1988), generally concluding that pornography decreases satisfaction with the bodies being considered.
There is a large literature on the influence of different types of media exposure on body image.
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